Paper Aerodynamics:

Paper airplanes fly on the same principles as real airplanes. The major difference is that paper planes do not have engines but rather rely on a throw to get their “thrust”. Paper airplanes are gliders, and once launched they are free-flying machines that use lift and gravity to move forward. The wings of a paper plane work just like the real thing.

Getting started on your paper airplane:

Folding a paper airplane is easy and enjoyable. As paper aviation geeks, we have looked at a vast variety of paper types and sizes and have found that the best “fly” paper is the common 8.5” x 11” copy paper (20#). It has a good balance of thickness and size to making great flying planes.

When folding, it is best to use a hard flat surface. Paper airplanes usually start with folding the paper in half lengthwise because they need to be symmetrical for best flights. Using your fingernail is a good way to make a sharp, tight fold.

What makes a paper airplane fly well?...The Adjustments

The best flying paper planes are symmetrical and have properly adjusted control surfaces. Look at your plane from the front and adjust the wings so there is a slight “Y” shape.

Another key feature to help a paper plane fly well is to have the balance correct. This generally is accomplished by folding additional paper in the front of the plane or to use a weight such as a paper clip. The planes here are pretty balanced by design but often a paper clip on the nose helps.

Once the wings are symmetrical and the balance is correct, the “elevators” are the final adjustment. If your plane tends to dive to the ground, it requires more “up” elevator.

If your plane swoops up, stalls and dives, chances are you need more “down” elevator.

Another adjustment that controls the direction of the plane is the rudder. If you bend to the right as shown, the plane will turn right. If you bend to the left, it will turn left.

The Throw:

Before you throw for the world record, it is best to give your new plane some test flights. This is best done with a gentle, level toss to allow you to adjust the elevators for the best glide.

If the plane just dives toward the ground, you need to add more up elevator. Once you achieve a smooth level glide, go for it. Since it is difficult to find an indoor space with a high enough ceiling, you must often resort to going outdoors to achieve the height you need for long flights.